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A vaginal or urine sample is required for the test, which involves isolating the Chlamydia trachomatis bacteria, either through a culture (growing the microbe in a cup) or by probing the sample for traces of the microbe’s DNA (genetic code).
For women, the test involves examining the cervix (entrance to the uterus) and acquiring a vaginal sample using a Dacron swab.
A cytology exam (Pap test) might indicate that a chlamydia test is necessary. However, the Pap test is not considered reliable for detecting chlamydia.
For men, a urine test is now available, replacing of the painful urethra test that involves acquiring a sample from the tube of the penis. Men must refrain from urinating for at least two hours beforehand.
An gonorrheal or a chlamydial infection can present similar symptoms, but it’s essential to differentiate them, as certain medications clear up gonorrhea but are ineffective against chlamydia. The presence of other sexually transmitted infections can also mask the symptoms of chlamydia.
If you’re undergoing a test for chlamydia or gonorrhea, you must not take any antibiotics for at least three weeks beforehand.